Shell and tube heat exchangers are one of the most popular types of exchanger due to the flexibility the designer has to allow for a wide range of pressures and temperatures. One fluid flows inside the tubes is called the tube side fluid, while the other fluid flows across and along the axis of the exchanger in the shell side shell side fluid. The three most common types of shell and tube exchangers are fixed tubesheet design. Troubleshooting shell and tube heat exchangers use these techniques and guidelines to. The the baffles lead to a stream inside the shell, as shown in fig. Khalil and others published shell and tube heat exchanger performance find, read and cite all the research you need on. It is referred to as a laminar flow heat exchanger if the surface area density is above about 3000 m2m 3 914 ft2ft3, and as a micro heat exchanger if the surface area density is above about 10,000 m2m 3 3050 ft2ft3. A laboratory experiment for demonstrating heat transfer in a shellandtube condenser has been described. The special pattern of the exchanger pipe, designed and machined by wtk, can be manufactured in a wide range of lengths so to meet all the various performance and footprints requirements. Shell and tube heat exchangers can have multiple passes, such as 11, 12, 14, 16, and 18 exchangers, where the first number denotes the number of the shells and the second number denotes the number of passes. The parts of shell and tube condensers and plate condensers involved in the transfer of heat from the steam and condensate to the cooling. Pdf shell and tube heat exchanger performance researchgate.
Manufacture of various heat exchangers including shell and tube, oil coolers, brazed plate, finned tube bundles, round tube coils. The flow in the shell side of a shellandtube heat exchanger with segmental baffl es is very complex. Shell and tube heat exchanger as the name proposed, they are built around tubes mounted in a cylindrical shell, the tubes are parallel to the shell. Smooth tube heat exchanger is one of the tubular types of heat exchanger falls under the recuperative category, widely used in industry. This type of heat exchangers consists of metal tubes passing through another metal enclosure, which is referred to as the shell. The design codes and standards are available in the tema 1999tubular exchanger manufacturers association. Shopping malls, public buildings, hotels, office complexes, sports arenas, skating rinks, even indoor ski slopes. The tube fitting made in pure ptfe with fda material certificate fits all qvf supra shell and tube heat exchangers, irrespective of the tube material or size.
Shell and tube heat exchangers are most commonly used in heating or cooling process fluids and gases. The structure comprises a floor, two sidewalls, and end plates with provision for expansion and location of tubeplates. Systems that have dry cooling sometime use direct contact condensers. Calculations were made for seven different kinds of knurled tubing with inside diameters of 10 23 mm, rib he1e. Product parameter and description application pta material titanium gr. Consisting of a single part and protruding from the tube plate, it can be easily retightened and replaced. The structure comprises a floor, two sidewalls, and end plates with provision for. The optimum thermal design of a shell and tube heat exchanger involves the consideration of many interacting design parameters which can be summarized as follows. The alfa laval mcdew is a condenser for seawater applications that use hcfc and hfc refrigerants at medium and high pressures 30 45 barg. The tubes may be rolled into grooves in the tubesheet, welded to the tubesheet, or both to ensure against leakage. Small tonnage condensers include special multipass heads and are manufactured in very large quantities to provide the highest capacity per ton available. For simplicity the rst one is often referred to as the shell and tube heat exchanger and the second is referred to as the shell and tube condenser even though both are versions of a shell and tube heat exchanger. A simple exchanger, which involves one shell and one pass, is shown in figure 5.
The condenser has a steel shell and tube sheet with rugged cast bonnets. Pdf design of shell and tube heat exchanger single phase. Bahirdar university institute of thechnology smie thermal page iii design of shell and tube heat exchanger nomenclature. From simple shell and tube heat exchangers, to sophisticated, precisionengineered custom heat exchangers, compact brazed plate or gasketed plate and frame units, packaged steam condensers to aircooled. Shell side out side of the tubes are inaccessible for mechanical cleaning. Water flow optimized to reduce the fouling and erosion risks. The 5 calibers to claim the most powerful handgun in the world title reupload duration. British electricity international, in turbines, generators and associated plant third edition, 1991. It is the most common type of heat exchanger in oil refineries and other large chemical processes, and is suited for higherpressure applications.
Typically found in applications where a need to heat or cool large volumes exist. Mar 20, 2017 the 5 calibers to claim the most powerful handgun in the world title reupload duration. Shell and tube heat exchanger type exchangers are used in many process industries, as well as nuclear power stations as condensers, steam generators in pressurised water reactor power plants, and feed water heaters. Heat exchanger tubes are constantly expanding and contracting as they heat up and cool down during normal operations. Request pdf thermoeconomic optimization of a shell and tube condenser using evolutionary algorithm this paper presents a thermoeconomic optimization of a. The most basic and the most common type of heat exchanger construction is the tube and shell, as shown in figure 1. They are used to boil water recycled from a surface condenser into steam to drive a turbine to produce power. Shell and tube heat exchangers basic calculations pdh online. Shell and tube condenser design student cheresources. The correction factor ft for a 12 heat exchanger which has 1 shell pass and 2 or more even number of tube passes can be determined from the chart in the.
Compact design with about 15%20% shorter lenght and weight comparing with existing solution. A heattransfer laboratory experiment with shellandtube. Traditional methods of tube cleaning such as rodding and hydroblasting are expensive, time consuming and often lead to equipment downtime. The baffled shellandtube heat exchanger, with shellside condensation, is the most common type of condenser used in the process industries. Click here to get a preliminary idea about shell and tube heat exchangers. Shell and tube condenser design cnd is a software that is made to demonstrate thermal analysis and design calculations required for designing shell and tube condensers. The outer surface of the heat exchanger tubes and fins are in contact with the refrigerant. Most surface condensers in refrigerated systems are the shell and tube type see figure 2. One flows through the tubes the tube side and the other flows outside the tubes but. Thermoeconomic optimization of a shell and tube condenser. Two fluids, of different starting temperatures, flow through the heat exchanger.
Shell and tube heat exchanger step by step calculations. K shell and tube condenser code seawater resistant design number of coolant passes k 1053 h b 4 k 1053 h b 4 k 1053 h b 4 k 1053 h b 4 k 1053 h b 4 fixing brackets n bottom h bottom and top for single compressor assembly semihermetic t bottom and top for single and tandem compressor assembly. A shell and tube heat exchanger is a class of heat exchanger designs. Designed for air conditioning and refrigeration applications, the alfa laval condenser range function is to heat water, seawater or brine. See figure 1 the refrigerant flow is almost entirely unimpeded resulting in a very low or nearly zero pressure drop through the condenser. Solving a design problem for shell and tube heat exchanger in htri software using tubular exchanger manufacturing association tema standards you can make full design of heat exchangers for. The noncondensables gases will then be transferred into the nox abatement. Water flows through pipes of the coil, while the refrigerant flows above and beyond. Design calculations for condenser inlet temperature of the process stream t1 45 o c outlet temperature of the process stream t2 45 o c inlet temperature of. This software can design, horizontal shell side condensers, horizontal tube side condensers, vertical shell side condensers, vertical tube side condensers and reflux condensers. From simple shell and tube heat exchangers, to sophisticated, precisionengineered custom heat exchangers, compact brazed plate or gasketed plate and frame units, packaged steam. Shell and tube evaporators and condensers from servicefirst. Contrasting, most evaporative condensers see figure. Pdhonline course m371 2 pdh shell and tube heat exchangers.
These condensers are heat exchangers which convert steam from its gaseous to its liquid state at a pressure below atmospheric pressure. Figure 1 illustrates a typical unit that may be found in a petrochemical plant. Shelland tube heat exchangers provide typically the surface area density ranging from 50 to 500 m 2m 3 and are easily cleaned. Shell and tube heat exchangers, shell and tube condenser c onda. A shell and tube exchanger consists of a number of tubes mounted inside a cylindrical shell. Shell and tube heat exchanger step by step calculations to. Chapter 52 heat exchangers, vaporizers, condensers joseph w. Two fluids can exchange heat, one fluid flows over the outside of the tubes while the second fluid flows through the tubes. Where cooling water is in short supply, an aircooled.
Most shell and tube heat exchangers are either 1, 2, or 4 pass designs on the tube side. This refers to the number of times the fluid in the tubes passes through the fluid in the shell. Desublimators kelvion product line brochure desublimators en pdf, 3 mb kelvion factsheet switch condenser en pdf, 155 kb kelvion factsheet pa process en pdf, 593 kb kelvion factsheet mini desublimator en pdf, 166 kb. Shell and tube condensers shell and tube condenser. Just like in any industry, there is the hard way and the smart way of getting the job done. Shell and tube heat exchangers are very commonly used as preferred heat transfer equipment in the process industry. Smooth tube he can withstand high pressure and temperature used for various applications like heatingcooling, condensation etc. Standard designs and manufactures heat exchanger products for the chemical, pulp and paper, biofuels, sugar processing, petroleum, power generation, mining and general industrial markets. A shell and tube condenser is a class of heat exchanger designs. Shell and tube condensers circulate the coolant through tubes.
Pedce, asme, eac, selo, dnv and other major marine. Bayonet tube horizontal u tube horizontal crossfow c i vaporizers figure 17. This type of condenser is used in applications where the cooling water is the same quality as the steam condensate. Depending on the application, salt water scale, calcium, lyme and other contaminants can compound the problem, leading to even faster deterioration. Selection of heat exchanger tema layout and number of passes. No provision to allow for differential thermal expansion developed between the tube and. A 12 shell and tube heat exchanger is illustrated in figure 5. Setting shell side and tube side pressure drop design limits. All shell and tube condensers can be used with new low greenhouse warming potential gwp refrigerants.
Request pdf thermoeconomic optimization of a shell and tube condenser using evolutionary algorithm this paper presents a thermoeconomic optimization of a shell and tube condenser, based on two. The condenser range includes different products that are optimized for hcfc and hfc refrigerants to provide the best efficiency. An odd number of tube passes is seldom used except the 11 exchanger. Specification of tube parameters size, layout, pitch and material. The buildup of a condenser shell varies between manufacturers. In a single pass heat exchanger, the fluid goes in one end of each tube and out the other. The shell side is especially vulnerable to pockets of air or noncon. Three tube lenghts to match operating conditions with different temperature approaches.
This software can design, horizontal shell side condensers, horizontal tube side condensers, vertical shell side condensers, vertical tube side condensers and reflux. Section of optimal sizes of shellandtube condensers for. I am trying to design a shell and tube condenser for the purpose of reducing the amount of water in the waste gases coming from two furnaces. The condenser shell forms the boundary of the steam envelope. When possible, utubes are used, requiring only one.
Shell and tube heat exchangers, shell and tube condenser c. A surface condenser is a commonly used term for a watercooled shell and tube heat exchanger installed to condense exhaust steam from a steam turbine in thermal power stations. Most shellandtube heat exchangers are either 1, 2, or 4 pass designs on the tube side. These refrigerants are important tools to reach the emission reductions of the eu regulation 5172014 and similar scenarios clearly decided worldwide. A typical shellside condenser is shown in figure 3.
The flow in the shell side of a shell and tube heat exchanger with segmental baffl es is very complex. The number of passes is important as it controls the velocity of the fluid cooling the hot refrigerant. The optimum thermal design of a shell and tube heat exchanger involves the consideration of many interacting design parameters which can be summarised as follows. The shell type refrigerant condensers allow the refrigerant to flow around and condense on the outside of the water tubes.
Plate and frame type heat exchangers are also used as condensers in refrigerated systems. It is effective in helping undergraduate students in understanding the concepts and applications of heat transfer by convection and condensation. This is a shell of the tema etype in which the vapor enters at one end of the shell and flows to the outlet end. Shellandcoils, capacitors have a welded or flanged outer shell with a coil inside are made of ribbed water tube. Each condenser can be configured with two and four passes on the water side. Shell tube condenser on sales quality shell tube condenser. In nuclear power plants called pressurized water reactors, large heat exchangers called steam generators are twophase, shellandtube heat exchangers which typically have utubes. Process fluid assignments to shell side or tube side. Common examples of heat exchangers are shelland tube exchangers, automobile radiators, condensers, evaporators, air preheaters, and cooling towers. Shell tube condenser for pta, chemical process equipment of titanium gr. Abstract a shell and tube condenser is a class of heat effectiveness is much more than the increasing cost of the exchanger designs.
Nov 01, 2016 solving a design problem for shell and tube heat exchanger in htri software using tubular exchanger manufacturing association tema standards you can make full design of heat exchangers for. E1mnl032a design and rating of shell and tube heat. Shell and tube heat exchanger smooth tube heat exchanger. Smooth tube heat exchanger consists of tube bundle within a common shell. The fluid flowing inside the tubes is called the tube side fluid and the fluid flowing on the outside of the tubes is the. There are two main categories of shell and tube exchanger. This usually occurs in condensers and is discussed more fully in a later section.
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